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Hartwell Dam
Hartwell Dam is a concrete and embankment dam located on the Savannah River at the border of South Carolina and Georgia, creating Lake Hartwell. The dam was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1955 and 1962 for the purposes of flood control, hydropower and navigation. The concrete and earthen structure spans . The concrete section is long and rises above the riverbed at its apex. The Hartwell Dam currently produces 468 million KWh of electricity annually, has prevented over $40 million in flood damage since completion and also provides recreation, water quality, water supply, along with fish and wildlife management.〔
==Construction==
In 1890, Lieutenant Oberlin M. Carter of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Savannah Office issued a survey report that recommended the construction of dams on the Savannah River in order to prevent flooding in Augusta, Georgia. His report was overlooked until the 1927 Rivers and Harbors Act allowed the USACE to investigate development of the Savannah River for the purpose of hydroelectricity, navigation, flood control and irrigation. In 1933, the USACE completed the report for the entire Savannah River Basin that recommended against government flood control development of the basin but did propose two hydropower dams in the upper Savannah Basin, the Hartwell and Clark Hill dams.〔(Army Corps of Engineers J. Strom Thurmond Lake and Dam History )〕
The Flood Control Act of 1950 authorized the Hartwell Dam and Reservoir as a development project of the Savannah River Basin. Construction on the Hartwell Dam began in 1955 and the plan called for a 3-mile long structure containing four hydroelectricity generators along with a combined 264,000 kW capacity. Predicting future demand requirements, the ability to install a fifth generator in the future was provided. 1,900 ft of the dam's length consists of a concrete-gravity dam, the rest compacted earth. A year before completion, in February 1961, the dam began to inundate the Savannah River. In March 1962, the reservoir was complete behind the dam and the four original hydro-power generators went online in April. The original cost of the dam was $68.4 million USD but when completed was just over $89.2 million USD. In 1983, the fifth hydroelectricity generator was installed on the dam, raising the electricity generation capacity to 344,000 kW.〔(Army Corps of Engineers Hartwell Lake and Dam information page )〕
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